Although a nursing home cannot require a child to be personally liable for their parent's nursing home bill, there are circumstances in which children can end up having to pay.
Federal regulations prevent a nursing home from requiring a third party to be personally liable as a condition of admission. However, children of nursing home residents are often asked to sign the nursing home admission agreement as the "responsible party." Meaning the child is agreeing to do everything in her power to make sure that the resident pays the nursing home from the resident's funds. If the resident runs out of funds, the responsible party may be required to apply for Medicaid on the resident's behalf. If the responsible party doesn't follow through on applying for Medicaid or provide the state with all the information needed to determine Medicaid eligibility, the nursing home may sue the responsible party for breach of contract. In addition, if a responsible party misuses a resident's funds instead of paying the resident's bill, the nursing home may also sue the responsible party. In both these circumstances, the responsible party may end up having to pay the nursing home out of his or her own funds.
In a case in New York, a son signed an admission agreement for his mother as the responsible party. After the mother died, the nursing home sued the son for breach of contract, arguing that he failed to apply for Medicaid or use his mother's money to pay the nursing home and that he fraudulently transferred her money to himself. The court ruled that the son could be liable for breach of contract in the amount of $96,000 even though the admission agreement did not require the son to use his own funds to pay the nursing home.
Although it is against the law to require a child to sign an admission agreement as the person who guarantees payment, it is important to read the contract carefully because some nursing homes still have language in their contracts that violates the regulations. If possible, consult with your attorney before signing an admission agreement.
Filial laws
Another way children may be liable for a nursing home bill is through filial responsibility laws that currently exist in 33 states except New Mexico. These laws obligate adult children to provide necessities like food, clothing, housing, and medical attention for their indigent parents. Filial responsibility laws have been rarely enforced, but as it has become more difficult to qualify for Medicaid, states are more likely to use them. In addition, as the population ages there will be more states looking to force family members with funds to use those resources to support a parents who may not be indigent but incapable of paying the rising medical expenses. If the family resources are not protected through asset protection mechanisms such as a trust, they may be targeted by the government as available for payment of an elder's medical costs.
Call me today at the Foster Legal Advisory Group to better understand the risks of having elderly parents who have not done any planning and how your unprotected assets could be spent to support an aging parent. Call me at 505-238-8385.